The Silver Lining in India’s Infrastructure Gap posits that India’s poor infrastructure face force it to develop more lucrative Knowledge Economy assets.
India is often described as a mixed proposition with respect to its future promise. Although few would question its brilliance as a “burgeoning technology economy,” most people temper this with somber remarks about its lack of “infrastructure.” However, I will argue that India’s limitations with physical infrastructure will actually help India get further ahead than if it didn’t have such problems.
In the popular view (see Indian Raj and its quote of The Houston Chronicle), India’s technology expertise, language skills and legal sensibilities are its trump cards, but this is compromised by its lack of roads, transportation of all kinds, network infrastructure, electricity, and so on. High tech companies have to build their own generators and network infrastructure, and leading providers have created islands of world class capability to assure their global clients that they don’t depend on the country’s infrastructure. China, on the other hand, is generally seen as a paragon of world-class infrastructure, especially physical infrastructure. Woe is India.
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Jim Champy, author of many management bestsellers, including Reengineering the Corporation, led a fascinating discussion 18 April 2006 at Chicago’s Standard Club, sponsored by Perot Systems. Beginning with the presentation, “Doing Business in a Flat World: An Exploration of the Next Era in Globalization,” Jim gave attendees an invaluable perspective on how executives needed to reengineer reengineering for the knowledge economy. He highlighted past transformational efforts in the industrial economy (the original reengineering) and focused on how to achieve change in the knowledge economy. As usual, I will summarize key points of the discussion first and follow up with my insights.
Reengineering: 20th Century
In the 80s and 90s, reengineering helped businesses improve their business processes. For example, an insurance company regularly required 24 days to issue a policy because 13 departments were involved, each of which had optimized processes for itself, not the enterprise (or the customer). In fact, to issue the policy took ten minutes of actual work; the rest was administrative time. Today, business models of the industrial era are becoming obsolete, but most companies haven’t yet changed how they manage their businesses. A default method of drastic organization change, often employed by IBM and many others, […]
The emerging knowledge economy will reconfigure the role of discovery in innovation in some surprising ways. First, a couple corollaries:
For most of the history of mankind, information has been scarce, and an important way that people innovated was through discovery. In agrarian and industrial economies, it was extremely important to discover new ways to transform raw materials in order to create new products. Since people lived in relative isolation compared to today, there was significant duplication of discovery efforts in pockets around the world. The pervasive TCP/IP network (i.e. Internet), combined with accelerating adoption of modern architectural approaches (i.e. service-oriented architecture) and messaging (Web services and XML) is unlocking the world’s data/information as a dizzying pace. It’s a cliché that we have too much information, and this trend shows no sign of abating. Moreover, software tools for automating the management of information are improving all the time. Of course, this development gives people an unprecedented ability to collaborate—on everything.
In the knowledge economy, discovery gets leveraged, pervasively and instantaneously. Discovery will remain extremely important to creating value, but I’m going to argue that it will play a cameo role in the hyper-innovation knowledge economy: crucial but supporting.
Anyone attending […]
Last night I attended TiE Chicago’s “The Great Chicago Tech Debate,” which turned out to be a rousing panel discussion (no, that’s not necessarily an oxymoron 😉 replete with insights. As it was my first TiE (The Indus Entrepreneur) event, I enjoyed taking an informal survey of members afterwards, and everyone I spoke with found it extremely valuable (not awfully surprising, but still..). TiE, which was founded in The Valley and has chapters globally, is a network to support entrepreneurs. As its name suggests, many of its leaders originally hail from India, and many have founded, led or helped to launch successful start-ups that have leveraged offshore partners in India.
Although the setting of this tale is Chicago, its lessons will apply to many other cities, provinces or countries that find themselves in a global knowledge economy, with the need to form a vision to galvanize their citizens to make changes in order to succeed in the new environment. Two of the main challenges are: making the shift from the industrial economy to the knowledge economy and the need to differentiate to compete. “Technology” plays a supporting role, which we’ll discuss more in a minute. After some observations on the […]
Sidebar: Industrial Economy DNA
Chicago, in being one of the foremost industrial regions, has industrial economy DNA. This DNA isn’t well suited to the first phase of the knowledge economy, which turns many industrial economy assumptions on their heads. For example, even more remarkable than tech companies’ ability to create wealth quickly is their lack of constraints from raw material inputs: these companies can be located anywhere, irrespective of natural resources. Their main physical requirements are power and fiber, which can be built or brought almost anywhere. In contrast, putting together an industrial enterprise involves accommodating materials with physical constraints at every turn: the sources of raw material inputs are often limited and scarce. Moving the material or parts from one area of the enterprise to another often requires special machines and specialized equipment. Dangerous chemicals are often involved in transforming raw materials. Disposing of waste is not trivial. Often, machinery to transform the raw materials must be custom built, and the machinery imposes its own constraints. Consequently, Chicagoans are accustomed to changes being incremental; we are accustomed to things taking time. This economy is bits, not bytes.
Chicago is renowned as a distribution hub, which began with its proximity […]
At the MIT Enterprise Forum’s Innovation and Technology Forecast in Chicago Tuesday, there was significant discussion about China’s growth and what that would mean for innovation in Illinois. Many speakers also made references to the importance of catering to knowledge workers. Chunka Mui, Dan Ratner, Geoffrey Kasselman and Jerry Mitchell were panelists, and Jerry spends significant time in China. His admiration for what is happening in China was contagious and triggered the train of thought here.
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Innovation
I had the privilege of hearing Larry Keeley, Co-founder of Doblin, the innovation strategy firm, at the GCB Innovation Round Table last night. He painted a vivid picture of the white water global economy in which we find ourselves as a context for his talk on innovation. In brief, the degree of uncertainty and change has created a “nervous time” for corporate executives. The pace of change is probably unprecedented in the experience of the human race (my take on this below). He implied that the anxiety around terrorism is amplifying this underlying general nervousness:
We face a high degree of ambiguity on political, economic and societal levels. People hate ambiguity. Complexity has two meanings: things are difficult to understand and we cannot know the outcome of our actions (because there are too many inter-related concepts, dependencies and data for us to comprehend). People find this overwhelming. Volatility of markets; Wall Street (fill in the blank for other markets) punishes executives for vagaries in the numbers, which has led to a legendary “make the numbers at any cost” attitude. People find this mystifying and unsettling because it constantly produces nonsensical behavior.
If we define innovation as measured risk-taking and […]
Rare Legal and Business Insight into Offshore Countries and Regions describes Baker & McKenzie’s excellent webcasts focused on offshore business.
Depending on your business strategy, it may make sense to explore offshoring to several regions of the world to mitigate the risk that your partner might be affected by natural disasters or political upheaval. In fact, many offshore experts recommend a portfolio strategy for risk mitigation or operational effectiveness (follow the sun operations can reduce time to market) while meeting cost objectives.
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The United States is a unique country in many ways, notably in its collective, pervasive idea of the “immigrant” experience. As everyone learns in Civics class, the majority of Americans immigrated to the U.S. within a relatively compressed time frame in order to gain economic, religious or other freedoms that they did not have at “home.” Moreover, the land was new, with only emerging cultural ideas and structures to impose themselves on the new arrivals. The immigrant experience was pervasive because the number of immigrants compared to the number of U.S.-born citizens was high during the 18th and 19th centuries. The immigration experience was therefore formative in the U.S. culture itself.
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Much of what I write in this space will revolve around the new knowledge economy in which we increasingly find ourselves (no, I’m not talking about the “New Economy” of the 90s ;-). Therefore, I offer these thoughts on the 3.x economies in which we have lived.
The Knowledge Economy
A knowledge economy is fundamentally a new animal because its outputs are increasingly information-intensive services and “products.” Many of these products are infinitely scalable, like CDs, software or Webcasts. Selling additional “copies” of digital (music) is accomplished at virtually zero marginal cost for production and distribution. Of course, a knowledge economy also produces numerous industrial and agrarian goods, but the value of these goods is shifting toward information-intensive services that are related to the goods—away from the underlying goods themselves. Some examples are:
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